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A spectrum- and energy-efficient system is essential for millimeter wavecommunication systems that require large antenna arrays with power-demandingADCs. We propose an ADC bit allocation (BA) algorithm that solves a minimummean squared quantization error problem under a power constraint. Unlikeexisting BA methods that only consider an ADC power constraint, the proposedalgorithm regards total receiver power constraint for a hybrid analog-digitalbeamforming architecture. The major challenge is the non-linearities in theminimization problem. To address this issue, we first convert the problem intoa convex optimization problem through real number relaxation and substitutionof ADC resolution switching power with constant average switching power. Then,we derive a closed-form solution by fixing the number of activated radiofrequency (RF) chains M. Leveraging the solution, the binary search finds theoptimal M and its corresponding optimal solution. We also provide an off-linetraining and modeling approach to estimate the average switching power.Simulation results validate the spectral and energy efficiency of the proposedalgorithm. In particular, existing state-of-the-art digital beamformers can beused in the system in conjunction with the BA algorithm as it makes thequantization error negligible in the low-resolution regime.

ADC Bit Optimization for Spectrum- and Energy-Efficient Millimeter Wave Communications