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This study uses a one dimensional fluid dynamics arterial network model toinfer changes in hemodynamic quantities associated with pulmonary hypertensionin mice. Data for this study include blood flow and pressure measurements fromthe main pulmonary artery for 7 control mice with normal pulmonary function and5 hypertensive mice with hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. Arterialdimensions for a 21 vessel network are extracted from micro-CT images of lungsfrom a representative control and hypertensive mouse. Each vessel isrepresented by its length and radius. Fluid dynamic computations are doneassuming that the flow is Newtonian, viscous, laminar, and has no swirl. Thesystem of equations is closed by a constitutive equation relating pressure andarea, using a linear model derived from stress-strain deformation in thecircumferential direction assuming that the arterial walls are thin, and alsoan empirical nonlinear model. For each dataset, an inflow waveform is extractedfrom the data, and nominal parameters specifying the outflow boundaryconditions are computed from mean values and characteristic time scalesextracted from the data. The model is calibrated for each mouse by estimatingparameters that minimize the least squares error between measured and computedwaveforms. Optimized parameters are compared across the control and thehypertensive groups to characterize vascular remodeling with disease. Resultsshow that pulmonary hypertension is associated with stiffer and less compliantproximal and distal vasculature with augmented wave reflections, and thatelastic nonlinearities are insignificant in the hypertensive animal.

Hemodynamic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in mice: a model based analysis of the disease mechanism