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Plug-in electric bus (PEB) is an environmentally friendly mode of publictransportation and plug-in electric bus fast charging stations (PEBFCSs) playan essential role in the operation of PEBs. Under effective control, deployingan energy storage system (ESS) within a PEBFCS can reduce the peak chargingloads and the electricity purchase costs. To deal with the (integrated)scheduling problem of (PEBs charging and) ESS charging and discharging, in thisstudy, we propose an optimal real-time coordinated charging and dischargingstrategy for a PEBFCS with ESS to achieve maximum economic benefits. Accordingto whether the PEB charging loads are controllable, the correspondingmathematical models are respectively established under two scenarios, i.e.,coordinated PEB charging scenario and uncoordinated PEB charging scenario. Theprice and lifespan of ESS, the capacity charge of PEBFCS and the electricityprice arbitrage are considered in the models. Further, under the coordinatedPEB charging scenario, a heuristics-based method is developed to get theapproximately optimal strategy with computation efficiency dramaticallyenhanced. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies,interpret the effect of ESS prices on the usage of ESS, and provide thesensitivity analysis of ESS capacity through the case studies.

Coordinated Charging and Discharging Strategies for Plug-in Electric Bus Fast Charging Station with Energy Storage System