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In this paper, we consider a novel ambient backscatter multiple-accesssystem, where a receiver (Rx) simultaneously detects the signals transmittedfrom an active transmitter (Tx) and a backscatter Tag. Specifically, theinformation-carrying signal sent by the Tx arrives at the Rx through twowireless channels: the direct channel from the Tx to the Rx, and thebackscatter channel from the Tx to the Tag and then to the Rx. The receivedsignal from the backscatter channel also carries the Tag's information becauseof the multiplicative backscatter operation at the Tag. This multiple-accesssystem introduces a new channel model, referred to as multiplicativemultiple-access channel (M-MAC). We analyze the achievable rate region of theM-MAC, and prove that its region is strictly larger than that of theconventional time-division multiple-access scheme in many cases, including,e.g., the high SNR regime and the case when the direct channel is much strongerthan the backscatter channel. Hence, the multiplicative multiple-access schemeis an attractive technique to improve the throughput for ambient backscattercommunication systems. Moreover, we analyze the detection error rates forcoherent and noncoherent modulation schemes adopted by the Tx and the Tag,respectively, in both synchronous and asynchronous scenarios, which furtherbring interesting insights for practical system design.

Backscatter Multiplicative Multiple-Access Systems: Fundamental Limits and Practical Design