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Achieving international food security requires improved understanding of howinternational trade networks connect countries around the world through theimport-export flows of food commodities. The properties of food trade networksare still poorly documented, especially from a multi-network perspective. Inparticular, nothing is known about the community structure of food networks,which is key to understanding how major disruptions or 'shocks' would impactthe global food system. Here we find that the individual layers of this networkhave densely connected trading groups, a consistent characteristic over theperiod 2001 to 2011. We also fit econometric models to identify social,economic and geographic factors explaining the probability that any twocountries are co-present in the same community. Our estimates indicate that theprobability of country pairs belonging to the same food trade community dependsmore on geopolitical and economic factors -- such as geographical proximity andtrade agreements co-membership -- than on country economic size and/or income.This is in sharp contrast with what we know about bilateral-trade determinantsand suggests that food country communities behave in ways that can be verydifferent from their non-food counterparts.

Identifying the community structure of the international food-trade multi network