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The proliferation of online biometric authentication has necessitatedsecurity requirements of biometric templates. The existing secure biometricauthentication schemes feature a server-centric model, where a service providermaintains a biometric database and is fully responsible for the security of thetemplates. The end-users have to fully trust the server in storing, processingand managing their private templates. As a result, the end-users' templatescould be compromised by outside attackers or even the service provider itself.In this paper, we propose a user-centric biometric authentication scheme(PassBio) that enables end-users to encrypt their own templates with ourproposed light-weighted encryption scheme. During authentication, all thetemplates remain encrypted such that the server will never see them directly.However, the server is able to determine whether the distance of two encryptedtemplates is within a pre-defined threshold. Our security analysis shows thatno critical information of the templates can be revealed under both passive andactive attacks. PassBio follows a "compute-then-compare" computational modelover encrypted data. More specifically, our proposed Threshold PredicateEncryption (TPE) scheme can encrypt two vectors x and y in such a manner thatthe inner product of x and y can be evaluated and compared to a pre-definedthreshold. TPE guarantees that only the comparison result is revealed and nokey information about x and y can be learned. Furthermore, we show that TPE canbe utilized as a flexible building block to evaluate different distance metricssuch as Hamming distance and Euclidean distance over encrypted data. Such acompute-then-compare computational model, enabled by TPE, can be widely appliedin many interesting applications such as searching over encrypted data whileensuring data security and privacy.

PassBio: Privacy-Preserving User-Centric Biometric Authentication