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Often fairness assumptions need to be made in order to establish livenessproperties of distributed systems, but in many situations these lead to falseconclusions.  This document presents a research agenda aiming at laying the foundations ofa theory of concurrency that is equipped to ensure liveness properties ofdistributed systems without making fairness assumptions. This theory willencompass process algebra, temporal logic and semantic models, as well astreatments of real-time. The agenda also includes developing a methodology thatallows successful application of this theory to the specification, analysis andverification of realistic distributed systems, including routing protocols forwireless networks.  Contemporary process algebras and temporal logics fail to make distinctionsbetween systems of which one has a crucial liveness property and the other doesnot, at least when assuming justness, a strong progress property, but notassuming fairness. Setting up an alternative framework involves giving up onidentifying strongly bisimilar systems, inventing new induction principles,developing new axiomatic bases for process algebras and new congruence formatsfor operational semantics, and creating new treatments of time and probability.  Even simple systems like fair schedulers or mutual exclusion protocols cannotbe accurately specified in standard process algebras (or Petri nets) in theabsence of fairness assumptions. Hence the work involves the study of adequatelanguage or model extensions, and their expressive power.

Ensuring Liveness Properties of Distributed Systems (A Research Agenda)