English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Cryosurgery has been consistently used as an effective treatment to eradicateirregular tumor tissues. During this process, many difficulties occur such asintense cooling may also damage the neighboring normal tissues due to therelease of large amount of cold from the cooling probe. In order to protect thenormal tissues in the vicinity of target tumor tissues, coolant was released ina regulated manner accompanied with the nanoparticle to regulate the size andorientation of ice balls formed together with improved probe capacity. Thephase change occurs in the target tumor tissues during cryosurgery treatment.The effective heat capacity method is used for simulation of phase change inbio-heat transfer equation to take into account the latent heat of phasetransition. The bio-heat transfer equation is solved by using element freeGalerkin method (EFGM) to simulate the phase change problem of biologicaltissues subject to nano cryosurgery. In this study, Murshed model withcylindrical nanoparticles is used for the high thermal conductivity ofnanofluids as compared to Leong Model with the spherical nanoparticle. Theimportant effects of the interfacial layer at the mushy region (i.e. liquid tothe solid interface), size and concentration of nanoparticles are shown on thefreezing process. This type of problem has applications in biomedical treatmentsuch as drug delivery. Application of cryosurgery in bio-fluids used for drugdelivery in cancer therapy can be made more efficient in the presence ofnanoparticles (such as Iron oxide ($Fe_{3}O_{4}$), alumina ($Al_{2}O_{3}$) andgold ($Au$)).

Study of bioheat transfer phase change during cryosurgery for an irregular tumor tissue using EFGM