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Inter-domain routing is a crucial part of the Internet designed for arbitrarypolicies, economical models, and topologies. This versatility translates into asubstantially complex system that is hard to comprehend. Monitoring theinter-domain routing infrastructure is however essential for understanding thecurrent state of the Internet and improving it. In this paper we design amethodology to answer two simple questions: Which are the common transitnetworks used to reach a certain AS? How much does this AS depends on thesetransit networks? To answer these questions we digest AS paths advertised withthe Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) into AS graphs and measure node centrality,that is the likelihood of an AS to lie on paths between two other ASes. Ourproposal relies solely on the AS hegemony metric, a new way to quantify nodecentrality while taking into account the bias towards the partial view offeredby BGP. Our analysis using 14 years of BGP data refines our knowledge onInternet flattening but also exhibits the consolidated position of tier-1networks in today's IPv4 and IPv6 Internet. We also study the connectivity totwo content providers (Google and Akamai) and investigate the AS dependency ofnetworks hosting DNS root servers. These case studies emphasize the benefits ofthe proposed method to assist ISPs in planning and assessing infrastructuredeployment.

The (thin) Bridges of AS Connectivity: Measuring Dependency using AS Hegemony