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Blockchain is a technology uniquely suited to support massive number oftransactions and smart contracts within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem,thanks to the decentralized accounting mechanism. In a blockchain network, thestates of the accounts are stored and updated by the validator nodes,interconnected in a peer-to-peer fashion. IoT devices are characterized byrelatively low computing capabilities and low power consumption, as well assporadic and low-bandwidth wireless connectivity. An IoT device connects to oneor more validator nodes to observe or modify the state of the accounts. Inorder to interact with the most recent state of accounts, a device needs to besynchronized with the blockchain copy stored by the validator nodes. In thiswork, we describe general architectures and synchronization protocols thatenable synchronization of the IoT endpoints to the blockchain, with differentcommunication costs and security levels. We model and analytically characterizethe traffic generated by the synchronization protocols, and also investigatethe power consumption and synchronization trade-off via numerical simulations.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that rigorously modelsthe role of wireless connectivity in blockchain-powered IoT systems.

Analysis of the Communication Traffic for Blockchain Synchronization of IoT Devices