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South Africa is in the fortunate position of having access to high-qualitywind and solar resources promising energy production costs well below the onesprojected for future installations of thermal generation; yet the feasibilityof a low carbon energy system is still under scrutiny. This study introduces aspatially and temporally resolved techno-economic model co-optimisinggeneration and transmission capacity investments and operation. 27 supplyregions in South Africa are equipped with a year of time-series in hourlyresolution based on the IRP2016 base-case assumptions. Eight differentscenarios representing different restrictions on renewable generation andmitigation efforts of GHG emissions are evaluated and discussed. 70% of energyfrom renewable sources were found to be cost-optimally integrated usingflexible gas generation and the expansion of several transmission corridors. A95% CO${}_2$ reduction leads to a moderate 20% cost increase. The open-sourcenature of the model and restriction to freely available data encourages anaccessible and transparent discussion about the future South African energysystem, primarily based on renewable wind and solar resources.

PyPSA-ZA: Investment and operation co-optimization of integrating wind and solar in South Africa at high spatial and temporal detail