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Sensing with optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) is a rapidly developingdetection method in modern microfluidics research. This method explores theperturbations of spectra of WGMs propagating along the wall of an opticalmicrocapillary to characterize the liquid medium inside it. Here we show thatWGMs in a silica microcapillary can be fully localized (rather than perturbed)by evanescent coupling to a water droplet and, thus, form a high quality-factormicroresonator. The spectra of this resonator, measured with a microfibertranslated along the capillary, present a hierarchy of resonances which allowus to determine the size of the droplet and variation of its length due to theevaporation. The resolution of our measurements of this variation equal to 4.5nm is only limited by the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer used. Thediscovered phenomenon of complete localization of light in liquid-filledoptical microcapillaries suggests a new type of microfluidic photonic devicesas well as an ultraprecise method for microfluidic characterization.

Localization of light in an optical microcapillary introduced by a droplet