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Purpose: To develop a fast magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method forquantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging.  Methods: We implemented a CEST-MRF method to quantify the chemical exchangerate and volume fraction of the N${\alpha}$-amine protons of L-arginine (L-Arg)phantoms and the amide and semi-solid exchangeable protons of in vivo rat braintissue. L-Arg phantoms were made with different concentrations (25-100 mM) andpH (pH 4-6). The MRF acquisition schedule varied the saturation power randomlyfor 30 iterations (phantom: 0-6 ${\mu}$T; in vivo: 0-4 ${\mu}$T) with a totalacquisition time of <=2 minutes. The signal trajectories were pattern-matchedto a large dictionary of signal trajectories simulated using theBloch-McConnell equations for different combinations of exchange rate,exchangeable proton volume fraction, and water T1 and T2* relaxation times.  Results: The chemical exchange rates of the N${\alpha}$-amine protons ofL-Arg were significantly (p<0.0001) correlated with the rates measured with theQuantitation of Exchange using Saturation Power method. Similarly, the L-Argconcentrations determined using MRF were significantly (p<0.0001) correlatedwith the known concentrations. The pH dependence of the exchange rate was wellfit (R2=0.9186) by a base catalyzed exchange model. The amide proton exchangerate measured in rat brain cortex (36.3+-12.9 Hz) was in good agreement withthat measured previously with the Water Exchange spectroscopy method (28.6+-7.4Hz). The semi-solid proton volume fraction was elevated in white (11.2+-1.7%)compared to gray (7.6+-1.8%) matter brain regions in agreement with previousmagnetization transfer studies.  Conclusion: CEST-MRF provides a method for fast, quantitative CEST imaging.

Rapid and Quantitative Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Imaging with Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF)