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Decoy Routing, the use of routers (rather than end hosts) as proxies, is anew direction in anti-censorship research. Decoy Routers (DRs), placed inAutonomous Systems, proxy traffic from users; so the adversary, e.g., acensorious government, attempts to avoid them. It is quite difficult to placeDRs so the adversary cannot route around them for example, we need thecooperation of 850 ASes to contain China alone. In this paper, we consider adifferent approach. We begin by noting that DRs need not intercept all thenetwork paths from a country, just those leading to Overt Destinations, i.e.,unfiltered websites hosted outside the country (usually popular ones, so thatclient traffic to the OD does not make the censor suspicious. Our firstquestion is; How many ASes are required for installing DRs to intercept a largefraction of paths from, e.g., China to the top n websites (as per Alexa)? Howdoes this number grow with n? Few ASes (approx. 30) intercept over 90% of pathsto the top n sites, for n = 10, 20...200. Our first contribution is todemonstrate with real paths that the number of ASes required for a world-wideDR framework is small (approx. 30). Further, censor nations attempts to filtertraffic along the paths transiting these 30 ASes will not only block their owncitizens, but others residing in foreign ASes. Our second contribution in thispaper is to consider the details of DR placement: not just in which ASes DRsshould be placed to intercept traffic, but exactly where in each AS. We findthat even with our small number of ASes, we still need a total of about 11,700DRs.We conclude that, even though a DR system involves far fewer ASes thanpreviously thought, it is still a major undertaking. For example, the currentrouters cost over 10.3 billion USD, so if DR at line speed requires all newhardware, the cost alone would make such a project unfeasible for most actors.

The Devils in The Details: Placing Decoy Routers in the Internet