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Quantum anomalous Hall state is expected to emerge in Dirac electron systemssuch as graphene under both sufficiently strong exchange and spin-orbitinteractions. In pristine graphene, neither interaction exists; however, bothinteractions can be acquired by coupling graphene to a magnetic insulator (MI)as revealed by the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we show enhanced magneticproximity coupling by sandwiching graphene between a ferrimagnetic insulatoryttrium iron garnet (YIG) and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) which also servesas a top gate dielectric. By sweeping the top-gate voltage, we observe Fermilevel-dependent anomalous Hall conductance. As the Dirac point is approachedfrom both electron and hole sides, the anomalous Hall conductance reaches 1/4of the quantum anomalous Hall conductance 2e2/h. The exchange coupling strengthis determined to be as high as 27 meV from the transition temperature of theinduced magnetic phase. YIG/graphene/h-BN is an excellent heterostructure fordemonstrating proximity-induced interactions in two-dimensional electronsystems.

Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure