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Sedimentation in active fluids has come into focus due to the ubiquity ofswimming micro-organisms in natural and artificial environments. Here, weexperimentally investigate sedimentation of passive particles in watercontaining various concentrations of the bacterium E. coli. Results show thatthe presence of living bacteria reduces the velocity of the sedimentation fronteven in the dilute regime, where the sedimentation velocity is expected to beindependent of particle concentration. Bacteria increase the effectivediffusion coefficient of the passive particles, which determines the width ofthe sedimentation front. For higher bacteria concentration, we find thedevelopment of two sedimentation fronts due to bacterial death. A model inwhich an advection-diffusion equation describing the settling of particlesunder gravity is coupled to the population dynamics of the bacteria seems tocapture the experimental trends relatively well.

Sedimentation and diffusion of passive particles in suspensions of swimming Escherichia coli