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Browser extensions have been established as a common feature present inmodern browsers. However, some extension systems risk exposing APIs which aretoo permissive and cohesive with the browser's internal structure, thus leavinga hole for malicious developers to exploit security critical functionalitywithin the browser itself. In this paper, we raise the awareness of the threatscaused by browser extensions by presenting a botnet framework based onmalicious extensions installed in the user's browser, and an exhaustive rangeof attacks that can be launched in this framework. We systematicallycategorize, describe and implement these attacks against Chrome, Firefox andFirefox-for-Android, and verify experiments on Windows, Linux and Androidsystems. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents to date the mostcomprehensive analysis about the threats of botnet in modern browsers due tothe over-privileged capabilities possessed by browser extensions. We alsodiscuss countermeasures to the identified problems.

Botnet in the Browser: Understanding Threats Caused by Malicious Browser Extensions