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In this paper, we first introduce a generalized modeling and analysisframework to explore the fundamental interactions between user association,coverage probability and link rate in a millimeter wave (mmWave) heterogeneouscellular network (HetNet) in which there are multiple tiers of theultra-high-frequency (UHF) macrocell and small cell base stations (BSs) and asingle tier of mmWave small cell BSs. A generalized user association schemethat can cover many path-loss-based user association schemes is proposed andits related probabilistic properties that facilitate the derivations of thecoverage probability and link rate are derived. The derived general expressionsof the coverage and link rate not only shed light on how to design userassociation functions in order to maximize the coverage and link rate but alsoshow that it is impossible to devise a user association scheme that maximizesthe coverage and link rate at the same time. Namely, there exists a fundamentaltradeoff between the coverage and link rate in mmWave HetNets with distinctbandwidths in the UHF and mmWave bands while a user is associating with a BS.We characterize the coverage-optimal and rate-optimal user association schemesand numerically validate their performances and show the coverage-rate tradeoffproblem.

Coverage-Rate Tradeoff Analysis in mmWave Heterogeneous Cellular Networks