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Vanadium (IV) oxide is one of the most promising materials for thermochromicfilms due to its unique, reversible crystal phase transition from monoclinic(M1) to rutile (R) at its critical temperature (T$_c$) which corresponds to achange in optical properties: above T$_c$, VO$_2$ films exhibit a decreasedtransmittance for wavelengths of light in the near-infrared region. However, ahigh transmittance modulation often sacrifices luminous transmittance which isnecessary for commercial and residential applications of this technology. Inthis study, we explore the potential for synthesis of VO$_2$ films in a matrixof metal oxide nanocrystals, using In$_2$O$_3$, TiO$_2$, and ZnO as diluents.We seek to optimize the annealing conditions to yield desirable opticalproperties. Although the films diluted with TiO$_2$ and ZnO failed to showtransmittance modulation, those diluted with In$_2$O$_3$ exhibited strongthermochromism. Our investigation introduces a novel window film consisting ofa 0.93 metal ionic molar ratio VO$_2$-In$_2$O$_3$ nanocrystalline matrix,demonstrating a significant increase in luminous transmittance without anymeasurable impact on thermochromic character. Furthermore, solution-processingmitigates costs, allowing this film to be synthesized 4x-7x cheaper thanindustry standards. This study represents a crucial development in filmchemistry and paves the way for further application of VO$_2$ nanocompositefilms in chromogenic fenestration.

Optimizing Thermochromism of Solution-Processed VO$_2$ Nanocomposite Films for Chromogenic Fenestration