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To reach a cost-efficient 5G architecture, the use of remote radio headsconnected through a fronthaul to baseband controllers is a promising solution.However, the fronthaul links must support high bit rates as 5G networks areprojected to use wide bandwidths and many antennas. Upgrading all of theexisting fronthaul connections would be cumbersome, while replacing the remoteradio head and upgrading the software in the baseband controllers is relativelysimple. In this paper, we consider the uplink and seek the answer to thequestion: If we have a fixed fronthaul capacity and can deploy any technologyin the remote radio head, what is the optimal technology? In particular, weoptimize the number of antennas, quantization bits and bandwidth to maximizethe sum rate under a fronthaul capacity constraint. The analytical resultssuggest that operating with many antennas equipped with low-resolutionanalog-to-digital converters, while the interplay between number of antennasand bandwidth depends on various parameters. The numerical analysis providesfurther insights into the design of communication systems with limitedfronthaul capacity.

Optimal Base Station Design with Limited Fronthaul: Massive Bandwidth or Massive MIMO?