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Key to our project flora robotica is the idea of creating a bio-hybrid systemof tightly coupled natural plants and distributed robots to grow architecturalartifacts and spaces. Our motivation with this ground research project is tolay a principled foundation towards the design and implementation of livingarchitectural systems that provide functionalities beyond those of orthodoxbuilding practice, such as self-repair, material accumulation andself-organization. Plants and robots work together to create a living organismthat is inhabited by human beings. User-defined design objectives help to steerthe directional growth of the plants, but also the system's interactions withits inhabitants determine locations where growth is prohibited or desired(e.g., partitions, windows, occupiable space). We report our plant speciesselection process and aspects of living architecture. A leitmotif of ourproject is the rich concept of braiding: braids are produced by robots fromcontinuous material and serve as both scaffolds and initial architecturalartifacts before plants take over and grow the desired architecture. We uselight and hormones as attraction stimuli and far-red light as repellingstimulus to influence the plants. Applied sensors range from simple proximitysensing to detect the presence of plants to sophisticated sensing technology,such as electrophysiology and measurements of sap flow. We conclude bydiscussing our anticipated final demonstrator that integrates key features offlora robotica, such as the continuous growth process of architecturalartifacts and self-repair of living architecture.

Flora robotica -- An Architectural System Combining Living Natural Plants and Distributed Robots