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In order to understand human decision making it is necessary to understandhow the brain uses feedback to guide goal-directed behavior. The ventralstriatum (VS) appears to be a key structure in this function, respondingstrongly to explicit reward feedback. However, recent results have also shownstriatal activity following correct task performance even in the absence offeedback. This raises the possibility that, in addition to processing externalfeedback, the dopamine-centered reward circuit might regulate endogenousreinforcement signals, like those triggered by satisfaction in accurate taskperformance. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to testthis idea. Participants completed a simple task that garnered both rewardfeedback and feedback about the precision of performance. Importantly, thedesign was such that we could manipulate information about the precision ofperformance within different levels of reward magnitude. Using parametricmodulation and functional connectivity analysis we identified brain regionssensitive to each of these signals. Our results show a double dissociation:frontal and posterior cingulate regions responded to explicit reward but wereinsensitive to task precision, whereas the dorsal striatum - and putamen inparticular - was insensitive to reward but responded strongly to precisionfeedback in reward-present trials. Both types of feedback activated the VS, andsensitivity in this structure to precision feedback was predicted bypersonality traits related to approach behavior and reward responsiveness. Ourfindings shed new light on the role of specific brain regions in integratingdifferent sources of feedback to guide goal-directed behavior.

Independent circuits in basal ganglia and cortex for the processing of reward and precision feedback