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We study the problem of decentralized secondary frequency regulation in powernetworks where ancillary services are provided via on-off load-sideparticipation. We initially consider on-off loads that switch when prescribedfrequency thresholds are exceeded, together with a large class of passivecontinuous dynamics for generation and demand. The considered on-off loads areable to assist existing secondary frequency control mechanisms and return totheir nominal operation when the power system is restored to its normaloperation, a highly desirable feature which minimizes users disruption. We showthat system stability is not compromised despite the switching nature of theloads. However, such control policies are prone to chattering, which limits thepracticality of these schemes. As a remedy to this problem, we propose ahysteretic on-off policy where loads switch on and off at different frequencythresholds and show that stability guarantees are retained when the samedecentralized passivity conditions for continuous generation and demand hold.Several relevant examples are discussed to demonstrate the applicability of theproposed results. Furthermore, we verify our analytic results with numericalinvestigations on the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) 140-bussystem.

Secondary frequency control with on-off load side participation in power networks