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It has been proven that the intense tightly focused Gauss beam (GB) generatespressures in excess of a few TPa creating the novel super-dense phases ofAluminium and silicon [1-5]. Recently it was demonstrated that the Bessel beam(BB) focused inside sapphire produced the cylindrical void being two orders ofmagnitude larger than that generated by the GB [6-8]. Analysis of theexperimental data presented below allows making the remarkable conclusionsbased solely on the void size measurements without any ad hoc assumptions aboutthe interaction process. First, the void size is direct evidence of strong(>40%) absorption of the pulse energy. Second, it is a direct experimentalevidence of the high-energy concentration in the central spike of the focus.The unique features of the intense Bessel beam interaction then allowunderstanding the experimental observation. This interaction generates early inthe pulse time the spatial distribution of excited permittivity changing frompositive to negative values. Then the light interacts withzero-real-permittivity surface, separating plasma and dielectric areas, whichleads to high energy concentration near the axis of cylindrical focus up toseveral MJ/cm3 (pressure range of 4-8 TPa). The effect depends on the anglebetween the permittivity gradient and the field polarisation. High pressuregenerates intense cylindrical shock/ rarefaction waves, which led to formationof void and compressed shell. We demonstrate that the Bessel beam proves to bean effective tool for producing extreme pressure/temperature conditions on thelaboratory tabletop. It appears that adjusting polarisation and permittivitygradient might be a novel way for increasing the maximum pressure. This toolallows for search of novel high-pressure material phases, for the 3D lasermachining and for creating Warm Dense Matter as those in star cores.

Interaction of the ultra-short Bessel beam with transparent dielectrics: Evidence of high-energy concentration and multi-TPa pressure