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Background: It is commonly assumed in neuronal coding that repeatedpresentations of a stimulus to a coding neuron elicit similar responses. Onecommon way to assess similarity are spike train distances. These can be dividedinto spike-resolved, such as the Victor-Purpura and the van Rossum distance,and time-resolved, e.g. the ISI-, the SPIKE- and the RI-SPIKE-distance.  New Method: We use independent steady-rate Poisson processes as surrogatesfor spike trains with fixed rate and no timing information to address two basicquestions: How does the sensitivity of the different spike train distances totemporal coding depend on the rates of the two processes and how do thedistances deal with very low rates?  Results: Spike-resolved distances always contain rate information even forparameters indicating time coding. This is an issue for reasonably high ratesbut beneficial for very low rates. In contrast, the operational range fordetecting time coding of time-resolved distances is superior at normal rates,but these measures produce artefacts at very low rates. The RI-SPIKE-distanceis the only measure that is sensitive to timing information only.  Comparison with Existing Methods: While our results on rate-dependentexpectation values for the spike-resolved distances agree with\citet{Chicharro11}, we here go one step further and specifically investigateapplicability for very low rates.  Conclusions: The most appropriate measure depends on the rates of the databeing analysed. Accordingly, we summarize our results in one table that allowsan easy selection of the preferred measure for any kind of data.

Which spike train distance is most suitable for distinguishing rate and temporal coding?