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Prostate cancer is the most common disease in men and the second leadingcause of death from cancer. Generic large imaging instruments used in cancerdiagnosis have sensitivity, spatial resolution, and contrast inadequate for thetask of imaging details of a small organ such as the prostate. In addition,multimodality imaging can play a significant role merging anatomical andfunctional details coming from simultaneous PET and MRI. Indeed,multi-parametric PET/MRI was demonstrated to improve diagnosis, but it suffersfrom too many false positives. In order to address the above limits of thecurrent techniques, we have proposed, built and tested, thanks to the TOPEMproject funded by Italian National Institute of Nuclear Phisics a prototype ofan endorectal PET-TOF/MRI probe. In the applied magnification PET geometry,performance is dominated by a high-resolution detector placed closer to thesource. The expected spatial resolution in the selected geometry is about 1.5mm FWHM and efficiency a factor of 2 with respect to what obtained with theconventional PET scanner. In our experimental studies, we have obtained timingresolution of ~ 320 ps FWHM and at the same time Depth of Interaction (DOI)resolution of under 1 mm. Tests also showed that mutual adverse PET-MR effectsare minimal. In addition, the matching endorectal RF coil was designed, builtand tested. In the next planned studies, we expect that benefiting from thefurther progress in scintillator crystal surface treatment, in SiPM technologyand associated electronics would allow us to significantly improve TOFresolution

A novel TOF-PET MRI detector for diagnosis and follow up of the prostate cancer