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Satellite and ground-based observations are used to explore the compositeoceanic - atmospheric link known as the El Ni\~no/La Ni\~na SouthernOscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which is closely associated with extreme weatherevents (e.g. heat waves, tornadoes, floods and droughts), incidence of epidemicdiseases (e.g. malaria), severe coral bleaching, etc. The ENSO temporalevolution depends on the energy exchange between the coupled ocean/atmospheresystem. Its cycle has an average period of about four years, but there isconsiderable modulation of it from several sources and this is not yet fullyunderstood. This paper aims to give a better insight to the global signature ofENSO evolution considering both the continuous natural interactions takingplace between ocean and atmosphere, and anthropogenic effects. The resultsobtained could be employed to elucidate the development of more accurateadvanced modelling of ocean - atmosphere interactions, thereby improvingclimate change projections.

Modelling the coupling between ocean and atmosphere; the global signature of the El Ni\~no/La Ni\~na Southern Oscillation