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Optimizing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in multi-cell scenarios ismuch more challenging than the single-cell case because inter-cell interferencemust be considered. Most papers addressing NOMA consider a single cell. We takea significant step of analyzing NOMA in multi-cell scenarios. We explore thepotential of NOMA networks in achieving optimal resource utilization witharbitrary topologies. Towards this goal, we investigate a broad class ofproblems consisting in optimizing power allocation and user pairing for anycost function that is monotonically increasing in time-frequency resourceconsumption. We propose an algorithm that achieves global optimality for thisproblem class. The basic idea is to prove that solving the joint optimizationproblem of power allocation, user pair selection, and time-frequency resourceallocation amounts to solving a so-called iterated function without a closedform. We prove that the algorithm approaches optimality with fast convergence.Numerically, we evaluate and demonstrate the performance of NOMA for multi-cellscenarios in terms of resource efficiency and load balancing.

Resource Optimization with Load Coupling in Multi-cell NOMA