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We present a statistical overview of the publications in theoretical highenergy physics (HEP), which emerged in Latin America (LA) in the period from1990 to 2012. Our study captures the eight Latin American nations, which aredominant in this field of research: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia,Venezuela, Uruguay and Cuba. As an intercontinental benchmark, we compare themwith India, Canada, South Korea, Belgium and South Africa. We consider theproductivity of research papers in specialized high-impact journals, and thecorresponding numbers of citations. The goal is to document the efforts in LAto catch up with the most wealthy countries, in a field of research withoutdirect practical benefits. The restriction to theoretical HEP excludes largeinternational collaborations, which enables a fair evaluation of nationalachievements. We further investigate how these records are correlated withthree socio-economic indices: the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the HumanDevelopment Index (HDI) and the Education Index (EI). Despite some progress,there remains a backlog of LA compared to the dominant countries, which cannotbe explained solely by economic deficiency. In general, a detailed correlationbetween the socio-economic and scientific evolution is not obvious.

Theoretical High Energy Physics in Latin America from 1990 to 2012: a Statistical Study