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We characterize the ergodic spectral efficiency of a non-cooperative and acooperative type of K-tier heterogeneous networks with limited feedback. In thenon-cooperative case, a multi-antenna base station (BS) serves a single-antennauser using maximum-ratio transmission based on limited feedback. In thecooperative case, a BS coordination set is formed by using dynamic clusteringacross the tiers, wherein the intra-cluster interference is mitigated by usingmulti-cell zero-forcing also based on limited feedback. Modeling the networkbased on stochastic geometry, we derive analytical expressions for the ergodicspectral efficiency as a function of the system parameters. Leveraging theobtained expressions, we formulate feedback partition problems and obtainsolutions to improve the ergodic spectral efficiency. Simulations show thespectral efficiency improvement by using the obtained feedback partitions. Ourmajor findings are as follows: 1) In the non-cooperative case, the feedback isonly useful in a particular tier if the mean interference is small enough. 2)In the cooperative case, allocating more feedback to stronger intra-cluster BSsis efficient. 3) In both cases, the obtained solutions do not change dependingon instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio.

Feedback Design for Multi-Antenna K-tier Heterogeneous Downlink Cellular Networks