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The work is devoted to the investigation of properties of water vapor. Themain attention is focused on the physical nature of its effectivepolarizability and heat capacity at constant volume. We show that the specifictemperature dependencies of these characteristics are mainly caused by thermalvibration excitations of water dimers. In connection with this we determinenormal coordinates for the dimer vibrations. We investigate fluctuations of thedipole moments of dimers in details and consider their contributions to thedielectric permittivity of the water vapor. We also took into account thecontribution of the interparticle interactions on the heat capacity. Analyzingthe behavior of the effective polarizability and heat capacity we defined thetemperature dependence of the dimer concentration on the coexistencevapor-liquid curve. The noticeable dimerization in the saturated water vaportakes place only for temperatures T/Tc > 0.8 (Tc is the critical temperature).It is important to note that the successful reproduction of the effectivepolarizability and heat capacity can serve good test for the correctdescription of the dimer concentration in different approaches.

Degree of dimerization, effective polarizability of molecules and heat capacity of the saturated water vapor