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We observe that small drops of a Bacillus subtilis suspension deposited onagar strongly increase in volume while similar bacteria-void drops do not. Bymeasuring the bacterial concentration within the drop at different heights, weshow that the biomass increase due to the constant bacterial cell-division istoo small to explain the drop bloating. Rather, the increased volume is causedby the presence of surfactin - a surfactant produced by the bacteria - whichinduces a water flow out of the environment by an osmotic capillary effect. Therequired concentration is very low (< 1 mM), four orders of magnitude smallerthan the concentration of, for example, glucose to produce a similar effect.The ability of B. subtilis to extract water from its environment probablycontributes to collective migration modes like mass swarming. It also givesrise to a new displacement mode independent of cellular motility: By combiningthe osmotic and wetting effects of the surfactant, B. subtilis can activelyinduce the sliding of the bacterial colony on substrates tilted by angles assmall as 0.1 degrees.

Extraction du solvant d'un hydrogel par des gouttes de bact\'eries B. subtilis