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Deployment of billions of Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID tags has drawnmuch of the attention of the research community because of the performance gapsof current systems. In particular, hash-enabled protocol (HEP) is one of themost thoroughly studied topics in the past decade. HEPs are designed for a widespectrum of notable applications (e.g., missing detection) without need tocollect all tags. HEPs assume that each tag contains a hash function, such thata tag can select a random but predicable time slot to reply with a one-bitpresence signal that shows its existence. However, the hash function has neverbeen implemented in COTS tags in reality, which makes HEPs a 10-yearuntouchable mirage. This work designs and implements a group of analog on-taghash primitives (called Tash) for COTS Gen2-compatible RFID systems, whichmoves prior HEPs forward from theory to practice. In particular, we designthree types of hash primitives, namely, tash function, tash table function andtash operator. All of these hash primitives are implemented through selectivereading, which is a fundamental and mandatory functionality specified in Gen2protocol, without any hardware modification and fabrication. We further applyour hash primitives in two typical HEP applications (i.e., cardinalityestimation and missing detection) to show the feasibility and effectiveness ofTash. Results from our prototype, which is composed of one ImpinJ reader and 3,000 Alien tags, demonstrate that the new design lowers 60% of the communicationoverhead in the air. The tash operator can additionally introduce an overheaddrop of 29.7%.

Analog On-Tag Hashing: Towards Selective Reading as Hash Primitives in Gen2 RFID Systems