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Community network (CN) initiatives have been around for roughly two decades,evangelizing a distinctly different paradigm for building, maintaining, andsharing network infrastructure but also defending the basic human right toInternet access. Over this time they have evolved into a mosaic of systems thatvary widely with respect to their network technologies, their offered services,their organizational structure, and the way they position themselves in theoverall telecommunications' ecosystem. Common to all these highlydifferentiated initiatives is the sustainability challenge. We approachsustainability as a broad term with an economical, political, and culturalcontext. We first review the different perceptions of the term. These vary bothacross and within the different types of stakeholders involved in CNs and arereflected in their motivation to join such initiatives. Then, we study thediverse ways that CN operators pursue the sustainability goal. Depending on theactual context of the term, these range all the way from mechanisms to fundtheir activities and synergistic approaches with commercial service providers,to organizational structures and social activities that serve as incentives tomaximize the engagement of their members. Finally, we iterate and discusstheoretical concepts of incentive mechanisms that have been proposed in theliterature for these networks as well as implemented tools and processesdesigned to set the ground for CN participation. While, theoretical mechanismsleverage game theory, reputation frameworks, and social mechanisms, implementedmechanisms focus on organizational matters, education and services, all aimingto motivate the active and sustained participation of users and other actors inthe CN.

Community Networks and Sustainability: a Survey of Perceptions, Practices, and Proposed Solutions