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Bacteria at fluid interfaces endure physical and chemical stresses unique tothese highly asymmetric environments. The responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 and PA14 to a hexadecane-water interface are compared. PAO1 cells formelastic films of bacteria, excreted polysaccharides and proteins, whereas PA14cells move actively without forming an elastic film. Studies of PAO1 mutantsshow that, unlike solid-supported biofilms, elastic interfacial film formationoccurs in the absence of flagella, pili, or certain polysaccharides. Highlyinduced genes identified in transcriptional profiling include those forputative enzymes and a carbohydrate metabolism enzyme, alkB2; this latter geneis not upregulated in PA14 cells. Notably, PAO1 mutants lacking the alkB2 genefail to form an elastic layer. Rather, they form an active film like thatformed by PA14. These findings demonstrate that genetic expression is alteredby interfacial confinement, and suggest that the ability to metabolize alkanesmay play a role in elastic film formation at oil-water interfaces.

Films of Bacteria at Interfaces (FBI): Remodeling of Fluid Interfaces by Pseudomonas aeruginosa