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Device-to-Device (D2D) discovery is a key enabler of D2D communications forthe direct exchange of local area traffic between proximity users (UEs) toimprove spectral efficiency. The direct D2D discovery relies on thecapabilities of the D2D UEs to autonomously indicate their presence toproximity D2D UEs. {Despite} its potential of reducing energy and signallingburden, the direct D2D discovery {has not drawn adequate attention}. In thispaper, we propose a direct D2D discovery scheme based on the random backoffprocedure, where D2D UEs randomly choose a backoff interval and retransmit abeacon. Compared with existing schemes, the performance of the proposed schemecan be significantly enhanced in terms of the discovery probability and thediscovery delay. Several useful guidelines for its design are proposed based onour analysis. Finally, numerical results provide valuable insights on theperformance tradeoff inherent to the proposed D2D discovery scheme.

Novel Device-to-Device Discovery Scheme based on Random Backoff in LTE-Advanced Networks