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The detection of the first gravitational wave events by the Advanced LIGOScientific Collaboration has opened a new possibility for the study offundamental physics of gravitational interaction.  This work conducts an analysis of possible polarization states ofgravitational waves (GW) radiated by the most promising types of sources to bedetected by the modern interferometric antennas: coalescing compact binariesand collapsing supernovae. Several theoretical approaches to the current aswell as future gravitational wave signals interpretation are discussed togetherwith a strategy for a search for corresponding transients by means ofmultimessenger astronomy.  One of the aims of this thesis is to develop a new method for GW sourcelocalization depending on a polarization state of an incoming GW in the case ofa detection by two interferometric antennas. Additionally, there is elaborateda further method focused on a possibility to recognise different polarizationstates of a GW detected by means of a network with three and more antennas inoperation. The both proposed methods have been applied to the LIGO eventsGW150914, GW151226 and LVT151012, together with the matching of the resultswith the currently known electromagnetic follow-ups to these GW events.  The conclusion of this research is that there are opportunities for verifyingdifferent predictions of the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation by means ofthe analysis of the polarization states of the detected gravitational waves.  All in all, this work provides a new test of the theoretical assumptionsabout the nature of gravity as well as about the processes in relativisticcompact objects of various types.

Polarization states of gravitational waves detected by LIGO-Virgo antennas