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We propose novel applications of parallel coordinates plots and Sankeydiagrams to represent the hierarchies of interacting covariate effects inrandom forests. Each visualisation summarises the frequencies of all of thepaths through all of the trees in a random forest. Visualisations of the rolesof covariates in random forests include: ranked bar or dot charts depictingscalar metrics of the contributions of individual covariates to the predictiveaccuracy of the random forest; line graphs depicting various summaries of theeffect of varying a particular covariate on the predictions from the randomforest; heatmaps of metrics of the strengths of interactions between all pairsof covariates; and parallel coordinates plots for each response class depictingthe distributions of the values of all covariates among the observations mostrepresentative of those predicted to belong that class. Together thesevisualisations facilitate substantial insights into the roles of covariates ina random forest but do not communicate the frequencies of the hierarchies ofcovariates effects across the random forest or the orders in which covariatesoccur in these hierarchies. Our visualisations address these gaps. Wedemonstrate our visualisations using a random forest fitted to publiclyavailable data and provide a software implementation in the form of an Rpackage.

A network flow approach to visualising the roles of covariates in random forests