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PURPOSE: To correct line-to-line delays and phase errors in echo-planarimaging (EPI). THEORY AND METHODS: EPI- trajectory auto-corrected imagereconstruction (EPI-TrACR) is an iterative maximum-likelihood technique thatexploits data redundancy provided by multiple receive coils between nearbylines of k-space to determine and correct line-to-line trajectory delays andphase errors that cause ghosting artifacts. EPI-TrACR was applied to in vivodata acquired at 7 Tesla across acceleration and multishot factors, and in adynamic time series. The method was efficiently implemented using a segmentedFFT and compared to a conventional calibrated reconstruction. RESULTS: Comparedto conventional calibrated reconstructions, EPI-TrACR reduced ghosting up tomoderate acceleration factors and across multishot factors. It also maintainedlow ghosting in a dynamic time series. Averaged over all cases, EPI-TrACRreduced root-mean-square ghosted signal outside the brain by 27% compared tocalibrated reconstruction. CONCLUSION: EPI-TrACR is effective in automaticallycorrecting line-to-line delays and phase errors in multishot, accelerated, anddynamic EPI. While the method benefits from additional calibration data, it isnot a requirement.

Ghost Reduction in Echo-Planar Imaging by Joint Reconstruction of Images and Line-to-Line Delays and Phase Errors