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Nitrate is an important pollutant in drinking water worldwide, and a numberof methods exist for the removal of nitrate from water including ion exchangeand reverse osmosis. However, these approaches suffer from a variety ofdisadvantages including requirements for supply and disposal of brine used forregeneration in ion exchange and low water recovery ratio for reverse osmosis.Here, we demonstrate the use of high surface area activated carbon electrodesfunctionalized with moieties having high affinity for adsorption of nitratefrom aqueous solution, such as those used in ion exchange. Adsorption ofsurfactant molecules having a quaternary amine ionic group to the activatedcarbon surfaces provides functionalization of the surfaces without complexchemistries. The functionalized electrodes have adsorption capacities of about80 mg NaNO$_3$ per gram of activated carbon material. Unlike a traditional ionexchanger, the functionalized surfaces can be repeatedly regenerated by theapplication of an electrostatic potential which displaces the bound NO$_3^-$while leaving an excess of electronic charge on the electrode. The cell iscompleted by an inert counter electrode where Faradaic reactions occur duringregeneration. Up to approximately 40% of the initial capacity of the electrodeis accessible following electrical regeneration.

Nitrate removal from water using electrostatic regeneration of functionalized adsorbent