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Understanding the response of complex materials to external force is centralto fields ranging from materials science to biology. Here, we describe a noveltype of mechanical adaptation in cross-linked networks of F-actin, aubuiquitous protein found in eukaryotic cells. We show that shear stresschanges its nonlinear mechanical response even long after that stress isremoved. The duration, magnitude and direction of forcing history all impactchanges in mechanical response. The `memory' of the forcing history islong-lived, but can be erased by force application in the opposite direction.We further show that the observed mechanical adaptation is consistent withstress-dependent changes in the nematic order of the constituent filaments.Thus, this mechano-memory is a type of nonlinear hysteretic response in whichan applied, "training" strain modifies the nonlinear elasticity. Thisdemonstrates that F-actin networks can encode analog read-writemechano-memories, which can be used for adaptation to mechanical stimuli.

Encoding Mechano-Memories in Actin Networks