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Current radiobiology studies on the effects of galactic cosmic ray radiationutilize mono-energetic beams, where the projected dose for an explorationmission is given using highly-acute exposures. This methodology does notreplicate the multi-ion species and energies found in the space radiationenvironment, nor does it reflect the low dose-rate found in interplanetaryspace. In radiation biology studies as well as in the assessment of health riskto astronaut crews, the differences in the biological effectiveness ofdifferent ions is primarily attributed to differences in the linear energytransfer (LET) of the radiation spectrum. Here we show that the LET spectrum ofthe intravehicular environment of spaceflight vehicles can be simulated with asingle particle, mono-energetic ion beam accelerated at target blocksconstructed of one or more materials. The LET spectrum of the emerging fieldcan then be moderated by the amount of mass or length of material the primaryand secondary nuclei travels, thus preferentially producing specific nuclearspallation and fragmentation processes and allowing for a continuous generationof ionizing radiation that mimics the space radiation environment. Thisapproach could allow more accurate simulation of not only intravehicularspaceflight conditions, but also could be used to simulate the externalgalactic cosmic ray field, planetary surface spectrum (e.g., Mars or Moon), andthe local radiation environment of orbiting satellites, providing a much-neededground-based space radiation analog for future experimentation.

Targeted Nuclear Spallation from Moderator Block Design for a Ground-Based Space Radiation Analog