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Stand-alone direct current (DC) microgrids may belong to different owners andadopt various control strategies. This brings great challenge to its optimaloperation due to the difficulty of implementing a unified control. This paperaddresses the distributed optimal control of DC microgrids, which intends tobreak the restriction of diversity to some extent. Firstly, we formulate theoptimal power flow (OPF) problem of stand-alone DC microgrids as an exactsecond order cone program (SOCP) and prove the uniqueness of the optimalsolution. Then a dynamic solving algorithm based on primal-dual decompositionmethod is proposed, the convergence of which is proved theoretically as well asthe optimality of its equilibrium point. It should be stressed that thealgorithm can provide control commands for the three types of microgrids: (i)power control, (ii) voltage control and (iii) droop control. This implies thateach microgrid does not need to change its original control strategy inpractice, which is less influenced by the diversity of microgrids. Moreover,the control commands for power controlled and voltage controlled microgridssatisfy generation limits and voltage limits in both transient process andsteady state. Finally, a six-microgrid DC system based on the microgridbenchmark is adopted to validate the effectiveness and plug-n-play property ofour designs.

Breaking Diversity Restriction: Distributed Optimal Control of Stand-alone DC Microgrids