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It is well-known that the traditional transmit beamforming at a base station(BS) to manage interference in serving multiple users is effective only whenthe number of users is less than the number of transmit antennas at the BS.Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can improve the throughput of users withpoorer channel conditions by compromising their own privacy because other userswith better channel conditions can decode the information of users in poorerchannel state. NOMA still prefers that the number of users is less than thenumber of antennas at the BS transmitter. This paper resolves such issues byallocating separate fractional time slots for serving the users with similarchannel conditions. This enables the BS to serve more users within the timeunit while the privacy of each user is preserved. The fractional times andbeamforming vectors are jointly optimized to maximize the system's throughput.An efficient path-following algorithm, which invokes a simple convex quadraticprogram at each iteration, is proposed for the solution of this challengingoptimization problem. Numerical results confirm its versatility.

Joint Fractional Time Allocation and Beamforming for Downlink Multiuser MISO Systems