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Typical formulations of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem rely on what istermed the "bus-branch" model, with network electrical behavior summarized inthe Ybus admittance matrix. From a circuit perspective, this admittancerepresentation restricts network elements to be voltage controlled andlimitations of the Ybus have long been recognized. A fixed Ybus is unable torepresent an ideal circuit breaker, and more subtle limitations appear intransformer modeling. In power systems parlance, more detailed approaches toovercome these limitations are termed "node-breaker" representations, but theseare often cumbersome, and are not widely utilized in OPF. This paper develops ageneral network representation adapted to the needs of OPF, based on the SparseTableau Formulation (STF) with following advantages for OPF: (i) conceptualclarity in formulating constraints, allowing a comprehensive set of networkelectrical variables; (ii) improved fidelity in capturing physical behavior andengineering limits; (iii) added flexibility in optimization solution, in thatelimination of intermediate variables is left to the optimization algorithm.The STF is then applied to OPF numerical case studies which demonstrate thatthe STF shows little or no penalty in computational speed compared to classicOPF representations, and sometimes provides considerable advantage incomputational speed.

Sparse Tableau Formulation for Optimal Power Flow Applications