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Human errors in performing security-critical tasks are typically blamed onthe complexity of those tasks. However, such errors can also occur because of(possibly unexpected) sensory distractions. A sensory distraction that producesnegative effects can be abused by the adversary that controls the environment.Meanwhile, a distraction with positive effects can be artificially introducedto improve user performance.  The goal of this work is to explore the effects of visual stimuli on theperformance of security-critical tasks. To this end, we experimented with alarge number of subjects who were exposed to a range of unexpected visualstimuli while attempting to perform Bluetooth Pairing. Our results clearlydemonstrate substantially increased task completion times and markedly lowertask success rates. These negative effects are noteworthy, especially, whencontrasted with prior results on audio distractions which had positive effectson performance of similar tasks. Experiments were conducted in a novel (fullyautomated and completely unattended) experimental environment. This yieldedmore uniform experiments, better scalability and significantly lower financialand logistical burdens. We discuss this experience, including benefits andlimitations of the unattended automated experiment paradigm.

Lights, Camera, Action! Exploring Effects of Visual Distractions on Completion of Security Tasks