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The analysis of benthic assemblages is a valuable tool to describe theecological status of transitional water ecosystems, but species are extremelysensitive and respond to both microhabitat and seasonal differences. Theidentification of changes in the composition of the macrobenthic community inspecific microhabitats can then be used as an "early warning" for environmentalchanges which may affect the economic and ecological importance of lagoons,through their provision of Ecosystem Services. From a conservational point ofview, the appropriate definition of the spatial aggregation level ofmicrohabitats or local communities is of crucial importance. The main objectiveof this work is to assess the role of the spatial scale in the analysis oflagoon biodiversity. First, we analyze the variation in the sample coverage foralternative aggregations of the monitoring stations in three lagoons of the PoRiver Delta. Then, we analyze the variation of a class of entropy indices bymixed effects models, properly accounting for the fixed effects of biotic andabiotic factors and random effects ruled by nested sources of variabilitycorresponding to alternative definitions of local communities. Finally, weaddress biodiversity partitioning by a generalized diversity measure, namelythe Tsallis entropy, and for alternative definitions of the local communities.The main results obtained by the proposed statistical protocol are presented,discussed and framed in the ecological context.

Assessing the role of the spatial scale in the analysis of lagoon biodiversity. A case-study on the macrobenthic fauna of the Po River Delta