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This paper deals with the problem of beamforming design in a multibeamsatellite, which is shared by different groups of terminals -clusters-, eachserved by an Earth station or gateway. Each gateway precodes the symbolsaddressed to its respective users; the design follows an MMSE criterion, and aregularization factor judiciously chosen allows to account for the presence ofmutually interfering clusters, extending more classical results applicable toone centralized station. More importantly, channel statistics can be usedinstead of instantaneous channel state information, avoiding the exchange ofinformation among gateways through backhaul links. The on-board satellitebeamforming weights are designed to exploit the degrees of freedom of thesatellite antennas to minimize the noise impact and the interference to somespecific users. On-ground beamforming results are provided as a reference tocompare the joint performance of MMSE precoders and on-board beamformingnetwork. A non-adaptive design complements the results and makes them moreamenable to practical use by designing a coarse beamforming network.

Distributed Precoding Systems in Multi-Gateway Multibeam Satellites: Regularization and Coarse Beamforming