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Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is a standard method to determine bonemineral density (BMD) in the spine. Traditionally single 8 - 10 mm thick sliceshave been analyzed only. Current spiral CT scanners provide true 3D acquisitionschemes allowing for a more differential BMD analysis and an assessment ofgeometric parameters, which may improve fracture prediction. We developed anovel 3D segmentation approach that combines deformable balloons, multi seededvolume growing, and dedicated morphological operations to extract the vertebralbodies. An anatomy-oriented coordinate system attached automatically to eachvertebra is used to define volumes of interest. We analyzed intra-operatorprecision of the segmentation procedure using abdominal scans from 10 patients(60 mAs, 120 kV, slice thickness 1mm, B40s, Siemens Sensation 16). Our newsegmentation method shows excellent precision errors in the order of < 1 % forBMD and < 2 % for volume.

A New 3D Segmentation Technique for QCT Scans of the Lumbar Spine to Determine BMD and Vertebral Geometry