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Skyrmions are localized, topologically non-trivial spin structures which haveraised high hopes for future spintronic applications. A key issue is skyrmionstability with respect to annihilation into the ferromagnetic state. Energybarriers for this collapse have been calculated taking only nearest neighborexchange interactions into account. Here, we demonstrate that exchangeinteractions beyond nearest neighbors can be essential to describe stability ofskyrmionic spin structures. We focus on the prototypical film systemPd/Fe/Ir(111) and demonstrate that an effective nearest-neighbor exchange ormicromagnetic model can only account for equilibrium properties such as theskyrmion profile or the zero temperature phase diagram. However, energybarriers and critical fields of skyrmion collapse as well as skyrmion lifetimesare drastically underestimated since the energy of the transition state cannotbe accurately described. Antiskyrmions are not even metastable. Our work showsthat frustration of exchange interactions is a route towards enhanced skyrmionstability even in systems with a ferromagnetic ground state.

Enhanced skyrmion stability due to exchange frustration